When do reparations effectively support the victims of atrocity crimes? To answer this question, the ERC-funded AFTER-REP project focuses on the long-term consequences of reparation programmes. It examines how reparations affect people’s lived experiences over time and under what conditions they deliver meaningful justice and redress. The project develops an interdisciplinary approach, combining socio-legal studies, development studies, economics, history and anthropology to analyse reparations in practice. It builds a comprehensive database on their outcomes and develops new analytical tools. Through case studies on war crimes, colonial injustices and environmental harm, it explores how different reparations processes operate and interact. Ultimately, AFTER-REP aims to rethink reparations and how they are designed, evaluated and applied in policy and research.